Psychometric study and HVAC design and drafting

Psychometric study is a vast science and an integral part of HVAC design and drafting, MEP (mechanical, electrical and Plumbing). Psychometric means study of air properties. In literal sense of Air conditioning, air is the aspect to deal with. This air can be Supply air (SA), Return air (RA), Fresh air (FA) and Extract air(EA). SA and RA contribute to maintaining the temperature of the room as per the human comfort. FA and EA signify to the ventilation part. The outside air i.e. the ambient air varies from city to city and from variant time zone. The inside temperature or the desired temperature is universally considered to be between 21 deg C to 26 deg C; ideally 23 deg C. This indoor temp is universally accepted temperature range which is considered satisfactory for human comfort. Other factors which influence human comfort in HVAC system include the metabolic rate of the individuals, their physical activity, health conditions, clothing, food and drink etc. Generally speaking it is associated with individual metabolism rate which produces heat.

Psychometric analysis does not only signify to the temperature aspect but also to at Relative humidity ie RH and that means % of moisture content in air. For HVAC design and drafting, basically there are five major aspects:

• Dry Bulb Temp
• Wet Bulb Temp
• Dew Point Temp
• Relative Humidity
• Humidity Ratio

The preparation of psychometric table in HVAC design and drafting leads to the Heat Load Calculation which makes sure how much heat in unit of BTU/Hr needs to be dissipated and against that how much cooling in terms of TR needs to be entertained in the desired location. 

A Psychrometric Chart is very important tool for HVAC engineers which helps them to carry out heat load or cooling load calculations. This also helps HVAC design and drafting engineers find solutions to various air condition related problems. The psychrometric chart in overall shape looks like a shoe.

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Emerging Trends across HVAC Market in India

The key trends in the HVAC industry are energy savings and precision automation control system which has led to the use of adjustable variable frequency drives in HVAC systems.

There is a huge opportunity to improve industrial automation levels that help in both energy efficiency and productivity of the plant through our valves, drives, PLC controllers, compressors, best safety standards and through products that reduce wastages. Awareness about optimum use of energy is quite high among customers today, therefore they are now slowly shifting to variable frequency drive as it is one of the best way to get energy efficiency.

Sustainability of HVAC industry depends upon investment climate of infrastructure and industrial projects segment. Current financial year, encouraging investment in the segment is like productive stimulus. The HVAC market is growing fast mainly due to rise in real estate market and infrastructure sector.

We can emerge as a major hub for manufacturing in the HVAC space Govt is serious and focuses on maintaining energy efficiency and provides incentives to the manufacturing industry. Localisation while sourcing products by Companies will boost the economy. Energy demand is estimated to triple over the next 10 years, there is a huge demand to shift to energy efficient technology. Every company is searching for HVAC equipments which are energy efficient to reduce energy consumption.

High efficiency oil-free centrifugal compressor are available in the market that provide high energy savings for HVAC systems reducing up to 35-50% of energy consumption than a commercial HVAC system.

HVAC systems are responsible for major share of electricity charges. This  puts pressure on sources of energy and the environment. By deploying energy efficient devices great energy saving can be achieved also keeping the cost in check.

If HVAC sector needs to grow, there is a huge investment required for refrigerated warehouses and storage infrastructure. We cannot solely depend on the govt investment, there has to be a better approach of PPP model. This will boost HVAC sector towards higher growth.

Current budget allocation in HVAC sector is a growth driver and will put this sector in higher growth trajectory. There has been huge increase in warehousing investment is a very positive step, one needs to look at how the infrastructure can be made sustainable.

An automated cold storage with best global technologies will cost 30 % more. It is important to note that 60% of the operating cost of a cold storage is due to electricity and this cost could be anywhere close to 1.5 crores per annum.

Danfoss has an India 2015 growth strategy in place where we will focus on 3 key megatrends: Cold Chain, Urbanization and Energy Efficiency. This strategy intends to increase base business and reach tier2 cities.

Building Automation System & HVAC

Building Automation System, BAS is experiencing a boom globally. It is also known as Energy Monitoring Control System (EMCS), Facility Management System (FMS), Energy Management System (EMS). India’s current GDP is 7+. We are expecting a robust economy with nearly 10% GDP, which means there will be additional requirement of millions of millions of square feet area. Our infrastructure sector will boom, better airports, better metro systems, more industries, better transportation, hotels, commercial buildings, buildings for offices, ware houses etc. This will translate into more requirement of Building automation systems, Building management systems, Fire detection and alarm systems, Auxiliary power systems, HVAC control system, parking management systems, access control system, CCTV Surveillance system,

These topics are briefly touched under college education system. This development is going to create a vacuum, where there will be a huge gap between demand and supply.

We at Sofcon India Pvt ltd are committed to fill this gap. Our practical training on BMS, HVAC control system, HVAC Design & Drafting, Building automation system equips budding engineers with knowledge required to work in this area. Engineers who undergo training are well versed with practical aspects of job roles and get ready in a week’s time to be job ready independently.  Post training jobs are available in projects design, project commissioning, maintenance, operations, applications etc.

In the building automation domain are HVAC systems, as well as automatic control systems for lighting, security systems, elevators, escalators, automatic doors and all communications infrastructure. If all these systems are able to communicate with each other with help of wired or wireless communication systems like LonWork, BACNet and Profibusthen that building can be referred to as an Intelligent Buildings.

For Example: A multiplex can adjust the effort done by the compressor of the air conditioning unit on the data taken by the computer system from where the tickets are booked.

Example 2: In a mall, the engineer can choose between the electrical energy supplied from the electricity board or DG set on the basis of lowest cost in any period of time of that day.

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