Psychometric study and HVAC design and drafting

Psychometric study is a vast science and an integral part of HVAC design and drafting, MEP (mechanical, electrical and Plumbing). Psychometric means study of air properties. In literal sense of Air conditioning, air is the aspect to deal with. This air can be Supply air (SA), Return air (RA), Fresh air (FA) and Extract air(EA). SA and RA contribute to maintaining the temperature of the room as per the human comfort. FA and EA signify to the ventilation part. The outside air i.e. the ambient air varies from city to city and from variant time zone. The inside temperature or the desired temperature is universally considered to be between 21 deg C to 26 deg C; ideally 23 deg C. This indoor temp is universally accepted temperature range which is considered satisfactory for human comfort. Other factors which influence human comfort in HVAC system include the metabolic rate of the individuals, their physical activity, health conditions, clothing, food and drink etc. Generally speaking it is associated with individual metabolism rate which produces heat.

Psychometric analysis does not only signify to the temperature aspect but also to at Relative humidity ie RH and that means % of moisture content in air. For HVAC design and drafting, basically there are five major aspects:

• Dry Bulb Temp
• Wet Bulb Temp
• Dew Point Temp
• Relative Humidity
• Humidity Ratio

The preparation of psychometric table in HVAC design and drafting leads to the Heat Load Calculation which makes sure how much heat in unit of BTU/Hr needs to be dissipated and against that how much cooling in terms of TR needs to be entertained in the desired location. 

A Psychrometric Chart is very important tool for HVAC engineers which helps them to carry out heat load or cooling load calculations. This also helps HVAC design and drafting engineers find solutions to various air condition related problems. The psychrometric chart in overall shape looks like a shoe.

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Emerging Trends across HVAC Market in India

The key trends in the HVAC industry are energy savings and precision automation control system which has led to the use of adjustable variable frequency drives in HVAC systems.

There is a huge opportunity to improve industrial automation levels that help in both energy efficiency and productivity of the plant through our valves, drives, PLC controllers, compressors, best safety standards and through products that reduce wastages. Awareness about optimum use of energy is quite high among customers today, therefore they are now slowly shifting to variable frequency drive as it is one of the best way to get energy efficiency.

Sustainability of HVAC industry depends upon investment climate of infrastructure and industrial projects segment. Current financial year, encouraging investment in the segment is like productive stimulus. The HVAC market is growing fast mainly due to rise in real estate market and infrastructure sector.

We can emerge as a major hub for manufacturing in the HVAC space Govt is serious and focuses on maintaining energy efficiency and provides incentives to the manufacturing industry. Localisation while sourcing products by Companies will boost the economy. Energy demand is estimated to triple over the next 10 years, there is a huge demand to shift to energy efficient technology. Every company is searching for HVAC equipments which are energy efficient to reduce energy consumption.

High efficiency oil-free centrifugal compressor are available in the market that provide high energy savings for HVAC systems reducing up to 35-50% of energy consumption than a commercial HVAC system.

HVAC systems are responsible for major share of electricity charges. This  puts pressure on sources of energy and the environment. By deploying energy efficient devices great energy saving can be achieved also keeping the cost in check.

If HVAC sector needs to grow, there is a huge investment required for refrigerated warehouses and storage infrastructure. We cannot solely depend on the govt investment, there has to be a better approach of PPP model. This will boost HVAC sector towards higher growth.

Current budget allocation in HVAC sector is a growth driver and will put this sector in higher growth trajectory. There has been huge increase in warehousing investment is a very positive step, one needs to look at how the infrastructure can be made sustainable.

An automated cold storage with best global technologies will cost 30 % more. It is important to note that 60% of the operating cost of a cold storage is due to electricity and this cost could be anywhere close to 1.5 crores per annum.

Danfoss has an India 2015 growth strategy in place where we will focus on 3 key megatrends: Cold Chain, Urbanization and Energy Efficiency. This strategy intends to increase base business and reach tier2 cities.

Building Automation System & HVAC

Building Automation System, BAS is experiencing a boom globally. It is also known as Energy Monitoring Control System (EMCS), Facility Management System (FMS), Energy Management System (EMS). India’s current GDP is 7+. We are expecting a robust economy with nearly 10% GDP, which means there will be additional requirement of millions of millions of square feet area. Our infrastructure sector will boom, better airports, better metro systems, more industries, better transportation, hotels, commercial buildings, buildings for offices, ware houses etc. This will translate into more requirement of Building automation systems, Building management systems, Fire detection and alarm systems, Auxiliary power systems, HVAC control system, parking management systems, access control system, CCTV Surveillance system,

These topics are briefly touched under college education system. This development is going to create a vacuum, where there will be a huge gap between demand and supply.

We at Sofcon India Pvt ltd are committed to fill this gap. Our practical training on BMS, HVAC control system, HVAC Design & Drafting, Building automation system equips budding engineers with knowledge required to work in this area. Engineers who undergo training are well versed with practical aspects of job roles and get ready in a week’s time to be job ready independently.  Post training jobs are available in projects design, project commissioning, maintenance, operations, applications etc.

In the building automation domain are HVAC systems, as well as automatic control systems for lighting, security systems, elevators, escalators, automatic doors and all communications infrastructure. If all these systems are able to communicate with each other with help of wired or wireless communication systems like LonWork, BACNet and Profibusthen that building can be referred to as an Intelligent Buildings.

For Example: A multiplex can adjust the effort done by the compressor of the air conditioning unit on the data taken by the computer system from where the tickets are booked.

Example 2: In a mall, the engineer can choose between the electrical energy supplied from the electricity board or DG set on the basis of lowest cost in any period of time of that day.

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Scalable Energy Efficient HMIs for Intelligent Building Automation Systems

Building Automation Management Solution Provider and BMS Training Provider

Known for their energy efficient, open platform and flexible building control and monitoring solutions, American Industrial Systems, Inc. (AIS), introduces their standard and custom offering of HMI panels for the building automation industry.

Known for their energy efficient, open platform and flexible building control and monitoring solutions, American Industrial Systems, Inc. (AIS), introduces their standard and custom offering of HMI panels for the building automation industry.  AIS open and flexible building control and monitoring solutions are designed for commercial and industrial facilities. By controlling building automation systems and simplifying operator interaction and engagement, AIS HMIs help building owners and operators manage their Building Management Systems (BMS), Energy Management Systems (EMS) and Building Automation Systems (BAS) more cost-effectively.  Building control systems applications suited for AIS HMI building management panels include: chiller control, boiler control, lighting control, HVAC control and access control systems.

In commercial buildings, the BMS is a computer-based control system installed in buildings that controls and monitors the building’s mechanical and electrical equipment. An EMS has software and data acquisition hardware components that are used to collect and analyze energy usage at the building or system level, mainly for monitoring decisions only. The BAS consists of stand-alone or networked hardware and embedded software that automatically controls a single building function (mechanical, electrical, or electronic).

AIS’s HMI Building Management Panels Solve Energy Challenges for Smart Building Operators

The building automation industry was an early innovator and adopter of the green movement in addressing environmental issues, reducing carbon emissions and energy costs.  Building and facilities operator embrace the need for continued energy management and sustainability.  BAS and BMS data from commercial buildings are new high-value assets and a major focus in managing energy consumption, triggered by rising energy costs, the benefits of proactive system maintenance and the need for remote property monitoring. AIS’s scalable and flexible operator interface panels deliver HMI integration and visualization of automation systems for smart buildings. Open platform HMI panels with pre-installed Windows embedded operating system from AIS offer hardware and software functional expansion capabilities with software development kits (SDK) for customer-specific applications. AIS building control management HMI panels and operator interfaces offer many benefits, including:

·       Powerful control, monitoring and targeting of energy consumption

·       Computerized and efficient maintenance scheduling

·       Effective use of maintenance staff and increased productivity

·       Reduced maintenance and energy costs

·       Remote monitoring and diagnostics of buildings and facilities

AIS’s Extensive Portfolio of Open & Rugged HMI Systems for Building Automation Control
AIS offers a broad range of flexible and versatile HMI panels and operator interface solutions for smart building control and automation systems that deliver the lowest total cost of ownership for building and facilities operators. Easy-to-use interfaces with advanced visualization capabilities and open communications platforms, AIS HMI panels are also rugged and can endure extreme conditions in HVAC environments and applications. The portfolio of HMI, operator interface terminals and touch panel PCs solutions for building control and management from AIS include:

·       Wide Temperature Touch Panel PCs feature Intel® Atom dual core processor N2800 1.86 GHz, in an industrial-grade LCD flat panel with resistive touch screen technology, and supports an extended temperature range of -20 to 60°C (-4 to 140°F). This selection of industrial and building automation displays are offered in screen sizes 10.4", 15" and 17".

·       HMI Operator Interface Terminals are web-based and ARM-based HMI solutions and one of the most versatile operator interface choices for visualization applications. They are ideal for building control applications that need information displayed in dynamic ways to help operators quickly understand machine status and make faster decisions. The displays for intelligent building automation are offered in sizes ranging from 4.3" to 15".

·       HMI Compact Thin Clients are compact web-based thin clients for faster, better and lower-cost building and HVAC applications. As standard, AIS HMI Compact Thin Clients for building control are ruggedized, and carry NEMA 12, 4X, 4, IP52, IP54, IP66 ratings and certifications. These smart building HMI displays are offered in 5.7", 10.1" and 15" size screens.

·  HMI PoE Touch Panel PCs are fully integrated, utilizing the very latest in Projective Capacitive Touch display (PCT) technology and Power-Over-Ethernet (PoE) capability in industrial-grade LCD panels. As the need for end devices continue to expand for communications, collaboration, security and productivity, the need for PoE capabilities to support these end devices with increased power requirements is essential. These smart, Multi-Touch “Room Scheduling” Panel PCs are offered in 7", 10.1” and 18.5" size screens.